Open interest (OI) is the total value of open futures contracts that haven't yet been closed or settled. It rises as new positions enter the market and falls when positions close or get liquidated.
Rising OI with a rising price = a strong trend (new money). Rising OI with a falling price = shorts are being opened. A sharp OI drop usually means a liquidation cascade or deleveraging.
Headline number: the aggregate of BTC perpetual contracts across all exchanges (source: CoinGecko Derivatives). Chart below: the historical trend per Bybit BTCUSDT perp (a proxy for the trend over time).